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2.4.3 Lack of modern values and free market economies
The lack of modern values is a charge that has been laid against nearly every country and/or culture that has not been a fortunate part of the Fertile Crescent's legacy and onslaught around the world.
One recent study attributed African poverty to a dislike of work, suppression of individualism, and irrationality. . . . The idea that whole societies are condemned to poverty because of their values has a long history, but one that is seldom useful. (Sachs, 2005, p. 315)
Similar views have in the past been expressed about Japan, Ireland, Italy, China, and India. But when these countries become successful economically, this argument vanishes and is never voiced again. Instead, such countries are lauded for their industriousness and hard work. (Sachs, 2005, p. 315-318)
A similar argument explaining Africa's extreme poverty is that African countries have not yet embraced free market economies. Thus, the argument goes, Africa remains desperately poor. But again, studies have shown that, throughout the world, economic growth can be high, despite low economic freedom. China is a prime example. (Sachs, 2005, 318-320)
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